If you did it one time only, probably nothing to worry about. Its like drag racing away from a stoplight -- you do it once, no big deal; if you can't stand being second away from a light your Patriot will get old prematurely.
Overloading it once is naughty; doing it all the time is bad. Consistently overloading it will cause premature wear throughout the drivetrain and weaken the suspension parts (just read a parts list), and wa-a-ay overloading it will cause immediate problems, e.g. clutch/transmission, broken springs and blown shocks.
My guess is you probably got away with it. Slap your wrist and don't do it again.